Global trade in exotic pets 2006–2012
Published in Conservation Biology, 2014
Recommended citation: Bush, E.R., Baker, S.E. and Macdonald, D.W., 2014. Global trade in exotic pets 2006–2012. Conservation Biology. 28(3), pp.663-676. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/cobi.12240
Abstract
International trade in exotic pets is an important and increasing driver of biodiversity loss and often compromises the standards required for good animal welfare. We systematically reviewed the scientific and gray literature and used the United Nations Environment Programme ‐ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP‐WCMC) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) trade database to establish temporal and geographical trade patterns of live exotic birds, mammals, and reptiles and to describe trends in research, taxonomic representation, and level of threat and legal protection of species traded. Birds were the most species‐rich and abundant class reported in trade; reptiles were second most abundant but unusually the most studied in this context; and mammals were least abundant in trade. Mammalian and reptilian species traded as pets were more likely to be threatened than expected by random. There have been a substantial number of Appendix I listed captive‐bred mammals and birds and wild‐caught birds and reptiles reported in trade to CITES. We identified the Middle East’s emerging role as a driver of demand for exotic pets of all taxa alongside the well‐established and increasing role of South America and Southeast Asia in the market. Europe, North America, and the Middle East featured most heavily in trade reports to CITES, whereas trade involving South America and Southeast Asia were given most emphasis in the literature. For effective monitoring of and appropriate response to the international exotic pet trade, it is imperative that the reliability and detail of CITES trade reports improve and that scientific research be directed toward those taxa and locations that are most vulnerable.
Abstract (Spanish)
El mercado internacional de mascotas ex´oticas es un factor importante y creciente de p´erdida de la biodiversidad y continuamente compromete los est´andares requeridos para un buen bienestar animal. Sistem´aticamente revisamos la literatura cient´ıfica y gris y usamos la base de datos de mercados de UNEP- WCMC CITES para establecer patrones temporales y geogr´aficos del mercado de aves, mam´ıferos y reptiles ex´oticos vivos y describir las tendencias en la investigaci´on, la representaci´on taxon´omica y el nivel de amenaza y la protecci´on legal de las especies comercializadas. Las aves fueron la clase con mayor riqueza de especies y la m´as abundante; los reptiles fueron la segunda m´as abundante pero inusualmente la m´as estudiada en este contexto; los mam´ıferos fueron los menos abundantes en el mercado. Las especies de mam´ıferos y reptiles comercializadas como mascotas tuvieron mayor probabilidad de estar amenazadas que lo esperado por el azar. Ha habido un n´umero sustancial de especies de mam´ıferos y aves criados en cautiverio y listados en el Ap´endice-I y de aves y reptiles capturados en vida silvestre reportados en el mercado a CITES. Identificamos el papel emergente del Oriente Medio como conductor de la demanda de mascotas ex´oticas de todos los taxones junto con el bien establecido y creciente papel de Am´erica del Sur y el Sureste Asi´atico en el mercado. Europa, Am´erica del Norte y el Oriente Medio figuraron m´as en los reportes de mercado hechos a CITES, mientras que al mercado en Am´erica del Sur y el Sureste Asi´atico se le dio m´as ´enfasis en la literatura. Para un monitoreo efectivo de y una respuesta apropiada al mercado internacional de mascotas ex´oticas, es imperativo que la confiabilidad y el detalle de los reportes de mercado de CITES mejoren y que la investigaci´on cient´ıfica sea dirigida hacia esos taxones y las localidades que sean m´as vulnerables.